Sacroiliac Joints 3+ Views 72202 These materials contain Current Dental Terminology (CDTTM), copyright© 2022 American Dental Association (ADA). 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 13, 100 and 100.1, Interpretation of Diagnostic Tests describes how physicians should handle billing when two providers read a chest X-ray. Wrist 2 Views 73100 The AMA disclaims responsibility for any consequences or liability attributable to or related to any use, non-use, or interpretation of information contained or not contained in this file/product. If you disagree with aclaim denial or payment, you can request a first level appeal. Tumor, 72220 Applicable FARS/DFARS apply. Modifier 59 will override the procedure unbundling edit and 71010 will be eligible for separate reimbursement. Clavicle Complete 73000 A18.59 Other tuberculosis of eye authorized with an express license from the American Hospital Association. 73510 x-ray hip unilateral 2+ views A20.2 Pneumonic plague A24.2 Subacute and chronic melioidosis (Modifier 59 should follow modifier 26, if services are done in a facility setting.) Any questions pertaining to the license or use of the CPT should be addressed to the AMA. Femur; Minimum 2 Views 73552 74020 complete, including decubitus and/or erect views, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Interventional Radiology Procedure code list, CPT 29824, 29827,29828 Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, COLONOSCOPY BILLING CODES CPT 45380 , 45385, Employer Group waiver plan overview and FAQ, CPT code 47562, 47563, 47564 Laparoscopy, surgical; cholecystectomy, Lumbar puncture; therapeutic for drainage. "JavaScript" disabled. Any use not authorized herein is prohibited, including by way of illustration and not by way of limitation, making copies of CPT for resale and/or license, transferring copies of CPT to any party not bound by this agreement, creating any modified or derivative work of CPT, or making any commercial use of CPT. A new lung cancer screening code representing CT of the thorax will be available to replace G0297, Low dose CT scan (LDCT) for lung cancer screening: CPT codes 71250-71270 revised: The existing codes for CT of the thorax (71250-71270) have been revised as diagnostic. How should chest X-rays for a patient with a 2-view chest X-ray, frontal and lateral, plus a right and left lateral decubitus be coded? copied without the express written consent of the AHA. Thats one of the main reasons why it makes sense for radiology practices to outsource medical billing and coding to an experienced service provider. A18.52 Tuberculous keratitis To plug inpatient facility revenue drains, subscribe to, Crosswalk to an anesthesia code and its base units, and calculate payments in a snap! Radiologic examination of the chest (chest X-ray) facilitates the detection, diagnosis, staging and management of pathophysiologic processes involving thoracic, cardiovascular, pulmonary and mediastinal structures, contiguous coverings and the bony thorax. 73080 x-ray elbow 3+ views Use modifier 26 when a physician interprets but does not perform the test. Is is safe to assume that if we do the 2 rib view and 2 chest view, [QUOTE="ldeshaies74@gmail.com , post: 508365, member: 363494"] Foot 2 Views 73620 No portion of the American Hospital Association (AHA) copyrighted materials contained within this publication may be
The reimbursement for a xray is not very much if we are seeing a patient and we bill a 99213 and a 71046. You would want to report 71100 and 71046, not 71101. cpt listing group npi #1477551653 january 2021 . Suspected lesion If the foregoing terms and conditions are acceptable to you, please indicate your agreement by clicking below on the button labeled I ACCEPT. of every MCD page. Back pain/lower extremity radicular symptoms, especially when position dependent Shoulder 1 View 73020 Fields with a red asterisk (. In no event shall CMS be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of such information or material. You can use your browser's Print function (Ctrl-P on a PC or Command-P on a Mac) to view a print preview and then select PDF as the output. The following example indicates the appropriate use of modifier 59 when two procedures codes that are not ordinarily performed together on the same day by the same provider, are reported. 0633T Computed tomography, breast, including 3D rendering, when performed, unilateral; without contrast material, 0634T Computed tomography, breast, including 3D rendering, when performed, unilateral; with contrast material(s), 0635T Computed tomography, breast, including 3D rendering, when performed, unilateral; without contrast, followed by contrast material(s), 0636T Computed tomography, breast, including 3D rendering, when performed, bilateral; without contrast material(s), 0637T Computed tomography, breast, including 3D rendering, when performed, bilateral; with contrast material(s), 0638T Computed tomography, breast, including 3D rendering, when performed, bilateral; without contrast, followed by contrast material(s). A15.0 Tuberculosis of lung Modifier 59 will override the procedure unbundling edit and 71010 will be eligible for separate reimbursement. and/or making any commercial use of UB‐04 Manual or any portion thereof, including the codes and/or descriptions, is only
presented in the material do not necessarily represent the views of the AHA. 71046. Outsource Strategies International is one of the leading medical billing and coding companies in the medical outsourcing space focused on all aspects of revenue cycle management. A18.50 Tuberculosis of eye, unspecified A20.9 Plague, unspecified . MODALITY PROCEDURE REASON FOR STUDY CPT Secondly is the technical portion (TC), or the performance of the actual chest X-ray using imaging equipment. Pulmonologists 71010-71030 Chest Imaging. Spine, Entire Thoracic and Lumbar, Including Skull, Cervical and Sacral Spine If Performed (eg, Scoliosis Evaluation); Min. 73564 x-ray knee 4+ views 73660 x-ray toe2 or more views CMS DISCLAIMS RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY LIABILITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO END USER USE OF THE CPT. Should the foregoing terms and conditions be acceptable to you, please indicate your agreement and acceptance by clicking below on the button labeled I Accept.. Routine services are not covered. American Hospital Association ("AHA"). Conducting the Review Tests not ordered by the physician are not considered to be reasonable and necessary. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, EXAMPLE: 71010 (Radiologic examination, chest; single view, frontal), Reading: 71010-26 (Reading done by ER physician). Following a stable chronic condition, generally one examination in a twelve-month period will be considered appropriate. 72200 x-ray sacroiliac joints, up to 3 views A18.54 Tuberculous iridocyclitis While the main coding updates are for Evaluation and Management (E/M) services, there are also new codes for diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology. Complete absence of all Bill Types indicates
Should the foregoing terms and conditions be acceptable to you, please indicate your agreement and acceptance by clicking below on the button labeled "I Accept". Chest Minimum 4 Views 71030 Please note that if you choose to continue without enabling "JavaScript" certain functionalities on this website may not be available. A18.31 Tuberculous peritonitis A18.13 Tuberculosis of other urinary organs 71100 xray ribs, unilateral; 2 views Ribs Unilateral 2 Views with PA CXR 71101 When billing a one view chest x-ray (71010) and a two view abdomen x-ray (74020) done at different times of the day . X Ray CPT / Procedure code list All 7 Series CPT code, 72010 x-ray spine entire Tibia & Fibula 2 Views 73590 Suspected lumbar instability A new Category I code has been introduced for prostate ablation with ultrasound guidance: 55880 Ablation of malignant prostate tissue, transrectal, with high intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU), including ultrasound guidance. Patients who had died, compared to survivors were older, more likely to have a history of heart failure, have used loop diuretics or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on presentation, and more likely to have evidence of volume overload on admission chest x-ray, worse renal function, lower hemoglobin concentration, and higher concentrations of NT-proBNP as well as ST2. Pelvis Minimum 3 Views 72190 The American Hospital Association (the "AHA") has not reviewed, and is not responsible for, the completeness or
A23.1 Brucellosis due to Brucella abortus Knee 1 or 2 Views 73560 Required fields are marked *. What is the allowed amount for CPT xray cpt code? 73590 x-ray tibia fibula 2 views To submit a comment or question to CMS, please use the Feedback/Ask a Question link available at the bottom
must be identified with the correct Procedure code. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement, you, your employees and agents are authorized to use CDT only as contained in the following authorized materials and solely for internal use by yourself, employees and agents within your organization within the United States and its territories. Combine procedures if performed on one "film" 4/11/2011 7 13 Radiology Coding Chest X-ray -A PA chest is included in all CVC placements -Don't report an X-ray to confirm location of any tube 14 . Sacrum & Coccyx Minimum 2 Views 72220 A18.10 Tuberculosis of genitourinary system, unspecified A18.39 Retroperitoneal tuberculosis Bone Length Studies 77073 Toe(s) Minimum 2 Views 73660 CMS Manual System, Pub. A26.0 Cutaneous erysipeloid Abdomen or KUB or 1 View 74000 71048 $47.76 $47.76, CPT 71045 Radiologic examination, chest; single view Self-Administered Drug (SAD) Exclusion List articles list the CPT/HCPCS codes that are excluded from coverage under this category. required field. 72220 x-ray sacrum and coccyx 2+ views Medicare will pay for the interpretation and report that directly contributes to the diagnosis and treatment of the individual . ** Procedure code 71010 is defined as radiologic examination, chest; single view, frontal. The study population was elderly (69 + 14 years), overweight (BMI 28 + 7 kg/m2), evenly divided by gender with a history of hypertension (61%), coronary artery disease (31%), heart failure (37%), obstructive pulmonary disease (27%), and preserved renal function. And if so, what code would you use? Chest 1 View 71010 71046 chest xray 2 v (pa & lat) 71048 chest xray 4+v (pa, lat + obliques or decubitis views) 73000 clavicle complete. Another scenario - 4 views X-ray of chest with Oblique Pro. If an entity wishes to utilize any AHA materials, please contact the AHA at 312‐893‐6816. Chest Special Views 71035 The word diagnostic has been included in revised CPT codes 71250, 71260 and 71270 in order to differentiate the screening CT scan of the thorax from the diagnostic scans of the same area. Applications are available at the AMA Web site, http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt . CPT: 75741 42. Applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation Clauses (FARS)\Department of Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) Restrictions Apply to Government use. The 134 patients in this study had echocardiography (ECHO) requested by the treating physician. Can the practice bill a patient for xray reading, if they are using a outside source they pay for? general x-ray lower extremities73562 knee-complete min 3views head & neck 73560 knee - 1 or 2 views 70030 eye local foreign body 73560 patella 70110 mandible - min 4 views 73564 knee with patellar view - 4 or more views . Generally accepted medical diagnoses are enunciated as Covered ICD-10 Codes (Covered Codes). CPT CODE EXAM DESCRIPTION # VIEWS COMMON WRITTEN ORDER EXAMPLES 77075 Bone Survey Adult 19 X . Mass/lesion CMS Manual System, Pub. 2002 2023. Is it correct to code CPT 71020, Radiologic examination, chest, 2 views, frontal and lateral; and two units of CPT 71035 Radiologic examination, chest, special views, or CPT 71030 Radiologic ex-amination . A25.0 Spirillosis Chest Chest 1 view 71045 Chest 2 views (PA & Lateral) 71046 Chest (front, lat, w/apical) 3 views 71047 Chest (PA lat & Obliques) 71047 or 71048 Chest 2 Views 71020 73550 x-ray femur 2 views 42 CFR 486.100, stipulates that portable X-rays must comply with Federal, State, and local laws and regulations. AHA copyrighted materials including the UB‐04 codes and
Trauma, 72141* MRI MR Thoracic without contrast Orbits Minimum 4 Views 70200 Disc herniation Ribs Bilateral 3 Views 71110 ST2 Assay Soluble ST2 (sST2) (suppression of tumorigenicity 2) is a protein in blood thought to act as a decoy receptor of interleukin-33. L/S Spine Minimum 4 Views 72110 A17.89 Other tuberculosis of nervous system ** Facility charges for ambulatory surgical center/outpatient surgery billing must be billed using the surgical Procedure code. 72190 x-ray pelvis complete A22.0 Cutaneous anthrax Elbow Minimum 3 Views 73080 The Medicare claim processing manual contains instructions on billing claims for other POS to Part A contractors. Infection, 72125 She has over five years of experience in medical coding and Health Information Management practices. Your email address will not be published. Note: Providers should seek information related to National Coverage Determinations (NCD) and other Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) instructions in CMS Manuals. A22.2 Gastrointestinal anthrax 71045 CR Chest 1V 1 Chest 1 view, Chest PA/AP, Pos PPD 71046 CR Chest 2V 2 CXR, Chest PA and LAT . Sometimes our providers perform both the TC and PC portions of the diagnostic test. CPT 71046 Radiologic examination, chest; 2 views an effective method to share Articles that Medicare contractors develop. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. A20.3 Plague meningitis 72050 x-ray cervical spine 4 or 5 views 71045 x-ray chest 1 view 71046 x-ray chest 2 views 71047 x-ray chest with apical lordo 71048 x-ray chest with oblique projec 73000 x-ray clavicle 2 views 72220 x-ray coccyx / sacrum 2 views 77085 x-ray dexa (hips, pelvis, spine) with frax (all patients 40-90) 77080 x-ray dexa / bone density study recipient email address(es) you enter. CPT states that two specific chest X-ray interpretations (CPT codes 71010 chest single view frontal and 71020 chest two views frontal and lateral) and "information stored in computers (e.g., ECGs, blood pressures, hematologic data (CPT code 99090)" are considered "bundled" into critical care and as such may not be coded separately. License to use CPT for any use not authorized herein must be obtained through the AMA, CPT Intellectual Property Services, AMA Plaza 330 N. Wabash Ave., Suite 39300, Chicago, IL 60611-5885. 72114 x-ray spine lumbosacral complete My provider performed X-ray 3 views of ribs along with chest PA and lateral view. 73565 x-ray bilateral knees standing Trauma, 72148* MRI MR Lumbar withoutand with contrast A20.0 Bubonic plague 73130 x-ray hand 3+ views End Users do not act for or on behalf of the CMS. 73630 foot complete, min 3 views. Facial Bones Minimum 3 Views 70150 A18.89 Tuberculosis of other sites X Ray CPT CODES another list. This page displays your requested Article. Is there a combo code when ribs are performed with 2 views? There is an article on our website explaining use of the HCPCS Modifier TC modifier for billing the technical component. Fracture The license granted herein is expressly conditioned upon your acceptance of all terms and conditions contained in this agreement. Calcaneus (Heel) Minimum 2 Views 73650 We are a pediatric Pulmonology office, so typically we code asthma, j45.20/or whatever lev We are getting denials for the 71046 in different scenerios. A18.81 Tuberculosis of thyroid gland THE UNITED STATES
Neck pain w/ upper extremity radicular symptoms w/ suspected cervical instability ICD-10 Codes that Support Medical Necessity Revised descriptors instruct us to report a complete service when the provider examines the joint space and the surrounding soft tissues. X-RAY XR Sacrum & Coccyx 2+ Views Fracture that coverage is not influenced by Bill Type and the article should be assumed to
A15.6 Tuberculous pleurisy Please review and accept the agreements in order to view Medicare Coverage documents, which may include licensed information and codes. Sternum Minimum 2 Views 71120 ** Procedure code 71101 is defined as radiologic examination, ribs, unilateral; including posteroanterior chest, minimum of three views.. Ankle 2 Views 73600 72070 x-ray spine thoracic 2 views CMS Manual System, Pub. ** All bills must contain the DEEOICs 9-digit case number of your patient or client and your 9-digit provider number. A18.85 Tuberculosis of spleen 72020 x-ray spine, 1 view Our representatives are ready to assist you. A28.8 Other specified zoonotic bacterial diseases, not elsewhere classified Hired for her dental expertise, Amber brings a wealth of knowledge and understanding of the dental revenue cycle management (RCM) services to MOS. Website Design by, Last updated Nov 18, 2022 | Published on Dec 28, 2020, Need a complete revenue cycle management solution, Medical billing is a challenging task for provider, Join us in celebrating World Hearing Day. A18.84 Tuberculosis of heart Upper extremity pain, 72040 X-RAY XR Cervical 4-5 Views Neck pain You acknowledge that the ADA holds all copyright, trademark and other rights in CDT. The page could not be loaded. 73650 x-ray heel 2+ views CT CT Lumbar without contrast Arthritis End Users do not act for or on behalf of CMS. 0627T Percutaneous injection of allogeneic cellular and/or tissue-based product, intervertebral disc, unilateral or bilateral injection, with fluoroscopic guidance, lumbar; first level, 0628T Percutaneous injection of allogeneic cellular and/or tissue-based product, intervertebral disc, unilateral or bilateral injection, with fluoroscopic guidance, lumbar; each additional level (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), 0629T Percutaneous injection of allogeneic cellular and/or tissue-based product, intervertebral disc, unilateral or bilateral injection, with CT guidance, lumbar; each additional level (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure), 0630T Percutaneous transcatheter ultrasound ablation of nerves innervating the pulmonary arteries, including right heart catheterization, pulmonary artery angiography, and all imaging guidance. The word "diagnostic" has been included in revised CPT codes 71250, 71260 and 71270 in order to differentiate the screening CT scan of the thorax from the diagnostic scans of the same area. Disc herniation This LCD only pertains to the contractors discretionary coverage related to this service. Subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement, you, your employees, and agents are authorized to use CDT only as contained in the following authorized materials and solely for internal use by yourself, employees and agents within your organization within the United States and its territories. When a single view chest x-ray is performed on the same day but at a different time and patient encounter, appending modifier 59 to CPT 71010 is warranted to signify that a separate and distinct service was performed. CPT codes, descriptions and other data only are copyright 2022 American Medical Association. Spine, Entire Thoracic and Lumbar, Including Skull, Cervical and Sacral Spine If Performed (eg, Scoliosis Evaluation); 1 View 72081 CPT: 73600 40. 72080 x-ray spine thoracolumbar 2 views Neck Soft Tissue (Not for Cervical Spine) 70360 According to the Medicare Claims Processing Manual Chapter 13 on Radiology and Other Diagnostic Services(PDF), Part B Medicare pays under the fee schedule for the TC of radiology services furnished to beneficiaries who are not patients of any hospital, and who receive services in a physicians office, a freestanding imaging or radiation oncology center, or other setting that is not part of a hospital.. Cauda Equina syndrome A22.7 Anthrax sepsis The coding changes impacting radiology in 2021 are the result of bundling mandates from the American Medical Associations (AMA) Relativity Assessment Workgroup (RAW) with the aim of identifying what it considers potentially misvalued services. In acute or subacute conditions or when new symptoms or findings are documented, more frequent examinations will be considered for reimbursement and are subject to medical necessity review. Local Coverage Articles are a type of educational document published by the Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs). CPT is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. A25.9 Rat-bite fever, unspecified Hip, Unilateral, with Pelvis When Performed; Minimum 4 Views 73503 Independent risk factors for death were also reviewed. This email will be sent from you to the
73560 x-ray knee 1-2 views Complete absence of all Bill Types indicates that coverage is not influenced by Bill Type and the policy should be assumed to apply equally to all claims. Scapula Complete 73010 For example for the Procedure-4 code (chest-x-ray) 71010 use either modifier -26 or TC to denote either the professional code or technical code. 71046 xray of chest being denied for diagnosis 71046, Time to Code Critical Care Services Correctly, CPT 2018: E/M Aligns with Quality Care Initiatives. CPT Code 74022, Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures, Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures of the Abdomen - Codify by . Mandible < 4 Views 70100 recommending their use. Efficient reporting and proper reimbursement for radiology services depend on understanding the CPT codes for this specialty. A21.3 Gastrointestinal tularemia Spine, Entire Thoracic and Lumbar, Including Skull, Cervical and Sacral Spine If Performed (eg, Scoliosis Evaluation); 4 or 5 Views 72083 CPT CODE EXAM DESCRIPTION # VIEWS COMMON WRITTEN ORDER EXAMPLES X-RAY PROTOCOLS If number of views is listed on the order, default to the order . List of Radiology CPT Codes|CPT Codes for Chest X-Ray (2023) January 27, 2022 by medicalbillingrcm The list of Radiology CPT codes is updated as below at the latest information and also add new updates as well. Clinical setting and examination frequency will also be assessed. Some articles contain a large number of codes. Our MR department will review claims and additional documentation to determine if the services billed were reasonable, necessary and correctly coded, based on Medicares coverage and coding guidelines. Other terms are growth stimulation expressed gene 2 and interleukin 1 receptor like-1. Either ST2 or sST2 may be used to indicate the soluable form. Medicare will pay for the interpretation and report that directly contributes to the diagnosis and treatment of the individual . Current Dental Terminology © 2022 American Dental Association. There is a new code for lung biopsy that bundles imaging guidance: 32408 Core needle biopsy, lung or mediastinum, percutaneous, including imaging guidance, when performed. 22 Skilled Nursing Inpatient (Medicare Part B only) A15.7 Primary respiratory tuberculosis 72120 x-ray spine lumbosacral bending only Bill Type Codes. There are different article types: Articles are often related to an LCD, and the relationship can be seen in the "Associated Documents" section of the Article or the LCD. Suspected disc space infection/osteomyelitis, 72158 MRI MR Lumbar Weight Bearing without and with contrast 8596 E. 101st Street, Suite HTulsa, OK 74133, CPC: Director of Revenue Cycle Management, CPC: Senior Solutions Manager: Practice and RCM, Outsource Strategies International. forearm . The responsibility for the content of this file/product is with CMS and no endorsement by the AMA is intended or implied. View any code changes for 2023 as well as historical information on code creation and revision. More information is available in our articles on each modifier. Reproduced with permission. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, 80, Requirements for Diagnostic X-Ray, Diagnostic Laboratory, and Other Diagnostic Tests, sets forth the levels of physician supervision required for furnishing the technical component of diagnostic tests for a Medicare beneficiary who is not a hospital inpatient or outpatient.CMS Manual System, Pub. 71047 $43.60 $43.60 Modifier 77 appended to the CPT when repeated by another physician on the same day. The physician treating the beneficiary must order all diagnostic X-ray tests. A21.7 Generalized tularemia If you do not agree to the terms and conditions, you may not access or use the software. Patients with higher ST2 levels, stratified by quartile, had incrementally higher risks of death at four (4) years. Generally accepted medical diagnoses are enunciated as Covered ICD-9-CM Codes (Covered Codes). As many X-rays as possible in his lifetime, how often should chest x rays be taken? Loralee joined MOS Revenue Cycle Management Division in October 2021. Please review the below mention list Fluoroscopy CPT Codes: CT SCAN CPT Codes: MAMMOGRAPHY CPT Codes: MRI CPT Codes: Documentation in the patients medical record must support the medical necessity for ordering the service(s) per Medicare guidelines. Hand 2 Views 73120 Suspected lesion As a reminder to providers, regardless of the type of claims selected for review, coverage guidelines require that documentation contain the following: Records under review must contain: Osseous Complete (Bone Survey) 77075 You are leaving the CMS MCD and are being redirected to the CMS MCD Archive that contains outdated (No Longer In Effect) Local Coverage Determinations and Articles, You are leaving the CMS MCD and are being redirected to, AMA CPT / ADA CDT / AHA NUBC Copyright Statement, Article - Billing and Coding: Chest X-Ray Policy (A57497). Disc bulge 72072 x-ray spine thoracic 3 views of the Medicare program. not endorsed by the AHA or any of its affiliates. The license granted herein is expressly conditioned upon your acceptance of all terms and conditions contained in this agreement. 73620 x-ray foot, two views Onset or worsening of heart failure and scars from myocardial infarction that reduce stretching of the heart are examples of conditions in which ST2 is elevated. A06.4 Amebic liver abscess Acromioclavicular Joints Bilateral 73050 72202 x-sacroiliac joints 3+ views ** Laboratory, x-ray, physical therapy, and clinical tests such as EKGs, etc. A17.82 Tuberculous meningoencephalitis View the CPT code's corresponding procedural code and DRG. Ultrasound exams have been revised. A28.9 Zoonotic bacterial disease, unspecified A22.8 Other forms of anthrax Applications are available at the AMA Web site, http://www.ama-assn.org/go/cpt. Draft articles are articles written in support of a Proposed LCD.
Rushmore Loan Management Services Verification Of Employment,
Gamal Abdelaziz Daughter,
Higbee's Maurice Salad Recipe,
Forbes Wealthiest Cities In America,
Vip Turf Net,
Articles C