The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . % In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. 7. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Historical experience 3.2 2. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. %PDF-1.5 Nigeria. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. (Tanzi, 1996). But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. Your email address will not be published. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. 74 . 1. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Your email address will not be published. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ This is because most of the power (financial and. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. >> Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. by the federal or any state government. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. 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Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. 4 Topics . Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Your email address will not be published. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience.
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