In Norse cultures, Nerthus was often honored through a ritualistic parade of carts covered in ceremonial, holy cloths and pushed by her priests through the villages. However, such a lineage is very common amongst the gods, and shows how the relationship between the gods and the giants, as tense and full of strife as it is, cant be reduced to just enmity. In the rymskvia of thePoetic Edda, Thor awakened to find Mjlnir missing: Wild was Vingthor when he awoke, According to Norse mythology, Baldur, son of Odin and brother of Thor, was once foretold by a dead seeress that his sudden death will presage the worlds end and will [9] Simek, Rudolf. Thor and Jrmungandr would meet one last time, and while Thor was fated finally to kill his foe, he would sustain mortal wounds in the process. While not one of the three original Norse gods, Frigga, Queen of the Aesir, is central to the interconnected web that is the pantheon of Norse deities. (The first function was that of rulers and sovereignty, and the third was that of farmers and fecundity. In order to wield his mighty hammer, Thor wore iron gloves named Jrngreipr (iron grippers). [7]. Norse warriors would often call upon Thor to aid them in battle, as it was believed that the appearance of thunder and lightning was Thor battling the Jtnar. During the Thor, with the giant Hymir, is trying to lure and capture Jrmungandr, the sea serpent of Midgard in an 18th century Icelandic Prose Edda manuscript. His cult thrived during the Viking Period of northern European history (ca. Web27K subscribers in the norsemythology community. Odin was the foremost deity appealed to by rulers, outcasts, and elite persons of every sort. All Rights Reserved. Thrym heard that Freya was on her way and prepared a great ceremony to receive her. Serving as an emblem of therespect of eldersin Norse values, the most well-known story about Elli occurs in the Prose Eda, where Elli faces Thor in a wrestling match and emerges as the victor. Thor and Jormungand finally face each other during Ragnarok, however, when the two put an end to each other. Black Widow. He was the son of Bor and Bestla and rose in fame mostly because of the Vikings admiration. The gods were tired of his drunken boasting and called on Thor, who quickly appeared, hammer in hand. Odin was self-centered, but Thor was a selfless defender of the gods. Norse mythology and Christianity may not seem to have much in common at first glance. He was the son of Bestla and Borr and had two brothers, Vili and V, with who he helped to shape the world that we know. Additionally, hes the mother of Sleipnir, Odins eight-legged horse. Fyorgyn is called a giantess in some narratives but seems to be associated with the older Indo-European tradition of the Great Mother earth goddess. WebMarvel comics indicate that Loki was adopted by Odin and became Thors brother. Upon informing Thor of the situation, Thor went to Freya and told her to put on a bridal dress and come with him to Jtunheimr. The gods summoned a healer named Gra, the wife of Aurvandill the Valiant, who successfully began to draw the stone from Thors head. Odin, the supreme god in Norse mythology, on his throne with his magical ravens. Sometimes this created variations in certain tales. The story of how Thor got his hammer was told in Snorri SturlusonsSkldskaparmlof theProse Edda, and began with the typical antics of Loki, who mischievously cut off all of Sifs golden hair. While Nerthus is said to be linked with Njord in some stories, some scholars debate whether these two figures were simply the male/female counterparts of the same being. [1]. In Norse mythology derived from most of the information of the god, Odin is associated with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, gallows, knowledge, battle, witchcraft, poetry, frenzy, and rune letters, and is Odin's husband. Nevertheless, a few historical details served to illuminate to Thors emergence as a god of the Germanic people. These gods were believed to have their own personalities and powers, and their stories are still told today. WebThor (Old Norse: rr) is the Norse god of thunder, the sky, and agriculture. My translation. Among his many abilities, Thor commanded storms and rain, and brought lightning and thunder. Finally, the Serpents head came above water, dripping poison. However, his lack of his fathers wisdom and his ill-temper leads to him being often tricked. Thor is the son of Odin and Fjorgyn, and in Norse imagery, he is frequently shown to have a red beard and red eyes. It is mentioned in the Grimnirs Speeches of the Elder Edda. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Norse mythology Viking Thor's hammer Odin totem pendant titanium steel necklacY at the best online prices at eBay! Interestingly, Thors name is something English speakers may unknowingly reference frequently. Turville-Petre admirably summarizes: In these [late Viking Age Icelandic] sources Thor appears not only as the chief god of the settlers but also as patron and guardian of the settlement itself, of its stability and law.[16]. While the Marvel version certainly copies some of the aspects of Thors character, such as being the son of Odin, his legendary hammer Mjlnir, and his great reputation as a mighty warrior. When Loki returned to Asgard, he gave the new hair for Sif and Mjlnir to Thor. The primary gods in Norse mythology were Odin, Thor, Freyr, and Loki. The Norse gods were powerful deities that played a major role in Norse mythology. Many of the gods and goddesses within the Aesir tribe are related to one another. Nine Realms. Hel is responsible for judging and deciding the fate of all the souls who come to the underworld. The building was said to be the largest ever erected and featured a grand total of five hundred and forty rooms. [6] Snorri Sturluson. When the Anglo-Saxons eventually adopted the Roman calendar, they name the fifth day Thursday after Thor, for this was the day belonging to Jupiter, the Roman sky god and peer of the hot-tempered, red-handed Thor, along with the Greek Zeus and the Hindu Indra. Norse Mythology Accessed January 9, 2018. The Prose Edda. Translated by Henry Adams Bellows. Thor. Probably the best known of the Norse Gods, thanks in no small part to Marvel basing a superhero on him, Thor, the God of Thunder, is the son An interesting fact is that within Norse mythology, gold is known as Aegirs Fire. On another occasion, Odin was out wandering and encountered the Jtunn named Hrungnir, said to be the strongest of the Jtnar. Thor insisted they row out even further, but Hymir grew fearful as he knew the Midgard serpent lurked beneath these waters. The god of poetry is described as being incredibly eloquent and his main role is to act as the entertainer in Valhalla, the hall where fallen heroes and warriors are said to gather and await the great, final battle of Ragnarok. He descends from the giant Fornjot and is the grandson of Aegir, Aesir god of the sea. See the article, Who Can Lift Thors Hammer? [11], This role can be made clearer by contrasting Thor with the god who was virtually his functional opposite: Odin. The illustration pictures the three main gods of the Norse: Frigg on the left, Thor seated on the throne in the center, and an armored Odin on the right. Thor is the son of Odin, the king of the gods, and Odins mistress, Jord, who is said to be the personification of the earth. Odin challenged Hrungnir to a horse race back to Asgard, which Odin won. Other half-brothers included Tyr,Heimdall, Bragi, and Hodr. p. 429. p. 84. I neer saw a bride with a broader bite, Hymir was not pleased to see Thor, killer of Jtnar, in his home but slaughtered three bulls for him to eat during his stay. WebIn Norse mythology, Magni is the prodigious son of the Aesir god Thor and his lover, the jtunn Jrnsaxa. He was the son of Odin, the chief god, and Fjrgyn, the goddess of the earth. Translated by Arthur Gilchrist Brodeur. Freya grew so angry at the notion that the halls of Asgard shook around her, and the two left her presence. In Norse Mythology, Gaiman stays true to the myths in envisioning the major Norse pantheon: Odin, the highest of the high, wise, daring, and cunning; Thor, Odins son, incredibly strong yet not the wisest of gods; and Lokison of a giantblood brother to Odin and a trickster and unsurpassable manipulator. Follow on IG TikTok Join Fan Lab. p. 320. He gained most from his uncle Mimir, who guarded the Well of Knowledge, but he had to sacrifice an eye to drink from the Well. Finally, Loki again went as a fly and bit the dwarf on the eyelid hard enough to draw blood. In Norse mythology, Odins son is even more similar to the Olympian king than Odin himself. In addition to his many names, Odin has also had a multitude of powers and responsibilities ascribed to him. And, slain by the serpent, fearless he sinks.[10]. [7] Adam of Bremen. Along with several other deities, Odin ispredicted to diein Ragnarok, a kind of apocalyptic series of events that will lead to a final battle between many figures within Norse mythology. Thor wore a magical belt called Megingjrd (literally power belt) that was said to double his already substantial strength. 2022 Wasai LLC. Beginning the duel, Hrungnir threw his whetstone at Thor as hard as possible, while Thor threw Mjlnir at him. Interested in Norse Mythology? (Also see The Giants of Norse Mythology to learn more. WebOdin, in his guise as a wanderer, by Georg von Rosen (1886). Wood carved illustration from Olaus Magnus'sA Description of the Northern Peoples(published in Rome, 1555). Remarkably, Thor regularly slaughtered the goats and ate them, only to resurrect them with Mjlnir so that they could continue to pull his chariotand fill his stomach! The Eddas and sagas portray the relationship between the two gods as being often uneasy as a result. Web27K subscribers in the norsemythology community. The gods convened to discuss the situation, as Thor needed to get his hammer back to protect Asgard. [1]There, Loki would find the dwarves master builders and ask them to construct a new head of hair for Sif. Justifiably enraged, the giant attacked the gods, who in typical fashion appealed to Thor for protection. Late period sources describe Thor as the foremost of all the Aesir,[14] a statement that would have been rather ludicrous before the Viking Age, when Odin and his Anglo-Saxon and continental equivalents occupied this position. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. Thor butchered his goats and shared the meat with the farmers family. As a supreme warrior and slayer of the ice giants, he is a force to behold. He is the son of Odin, chief of the gods, and [22], The name Gefion, the goddess who influences and oversees agriculture, originates from gefa, an Old Norse verb that means to give., Gefion was particularly associated with plowing, and myths about her turning her four sons into oxen described her as digging bodies of water and creating islands that make upmajor landmarksin Sweden and the Netherlands. But the son broke one of the bones open to suck at the marrow. Once there, the gods invited Hrungnir in for a drink. Here, he went to Thrym (rymr), king of the Jtnar, and asked him if he had hidden Thors hammer. By way of Odin, Thor had many prominent half-brothers includingBaldur, Vli, and Vidarr. This was a proposition that the gods found untenable. In Germanic and Norse mythology, Odin was the chief god. He is most well-known as the god of war and death, but Odin has also been described as the god of wisdom, divination, magic, and poetry. Nerthus is a relatively unknown goddess, but she is frequently associated with the concepts of fertility, peace, and prosperity. And his mother is a female Jtunn who is generally believed to be a personification of the earth. Why are so fearful the eyes of Freyja? In god-like anger, Thor followed Hrungnir and cast his hammer at the giant from afar. These gods were believed to have their own personalities and powers, and their stories are still told today. Yes Thor (Old Norse: rr) is the Norse god of thunder, the sky, and agriculture. Thor also possesses a magical belt that doubles his incredible strength and special iron gauntlets that allow Thor to grip his hammer. Thor baited his hook with the head of the bull and cast his line into the water. They agreed to help Thor in his search, and Loki, borrowing Freyas falcon cloak, flew away to find the missing hammer. Who is the true son of Odin? [12] The Poetic Edda. Sensing some truth in the giants words, Thor showed mercy and allowed Hrungnir to return to Jotunheimr, where he armed himself with a massive whetstone. Perhaps the most striking case of this, however, is his ability to kill and eat the goats that drive his chariot, gather their bones together in their hides, bless the hides with the hammer, and bring the animals back to life, as healthy and vital as before. WebHis father, Odin, is half-giant, and his mother, variously named as Jord (Old Norse Earth), Hlyn, or Fjrgyn, is entirely of giant ancestry. According to prophecy, Vidarr, the god of vengeance, would avenge his fathers death during the Among the most important of them are Hel, Skadi, Aegir, and Forseti. As the grim story in theThrymskvithademonstrated, Thor despised the jtnar, and the giants most of all. #pagan #vikings #norse #mythology #odin #thor Thor. Mythopedia, 8 Dec. 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/thor. WebThor was the son of Odin and Fyorgyn (also called Jord, as well as other names). Odin was the ruler of Asgard and the father of the other gods. In many ways, Thors popularity persisted from the pre-Viking Age to the present era. Being the son of Odin and the earth goddess Yord, he protected people from evil monsters and giants using his weapon Mjolnir. WebLokis three most notable children are those he had with the giantess Angrboda: Fenrir, the wolf, Jormungandr, the World Serpent, and Hel, Goddess of the Dead. Thor. As well as thunderstorms, Thor is associated with oak trees, and is said to protect mankind. Gylfaginning.Prose Edda. Full brother of Baldur, Hod is also son to Odin and Frigga. Apel, Thomas. Web: 000-753 _____ Thor is one of the most famous gods in Norse mythology, known for his sense of justice, wisdom, and wit. Every living creature loved him. Through his father he is the elder half-brother of Mi (referred to in game as "Modi") and rr (referred to in dialogue as "Thrud"), and through his mother is the half-brother of Heimdallr. Translated by Henry Adams Bellows. Introduction. In modern English, this name survives as Thursday.. A natural pacifist, Tr sought to broker peace between his people, the Aesir, and their long-standing enemies, the Jtnar. The Norse gods were powerful deities that played a major role in Norse mythology. In Germanic and Norse mythology, Odin was the chief god. Your subreddit for all things related to Norse mythology, the body of myths native to the ancient Thor and Jrmungandr tangled multiple times, but the most famous story played out across multiple sources, including theGylfaginningand a poem called the Hymiskvia in thePoetic Edda. His most famous possession, however, is his hammer, Mjllnir (Lightning[2]). Sturluson, Snorri. The god is also linked with the Norse elves, as he was thought to live in Alfheim, the elves homeland. Additionally, while Loki was portrayed as Thors adopted brother in Marvel products, their relationship was less certain in myth. Norse mythology and Greek mythology are both fascinating. He is married to the goddess Frigg, and with her, he has several sons that include Baldr and Hod. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Viking Thor Odin Valhalla Norse Mythology Mens 80% Cotton Hoodie at the best online prices at eBay! But he said to take his head, they would have to cut his neck and his neck was not part of the deal. In theGylfaginningbook of theProse Edda, Thor again evinced his extreme distaste for giants, this time in the tale of the birth of Sleipnir. Dressed as Freya, Thor devoured an entire ox, eight salmon, and three whole casks of mead. According to Norse mythology, Baldur is the son of Odin, the Allfather and chief god of the Aesir. He is the son of the god Loki (in the form of a mare) and the stallion Svadilfari who belonged to the jtunn that built the walls of Asgard. Loki, on the other hand, loved the idea and ultimately persuaded Thor to go along with it. In other words, Thor maintained his status as the perfect Norse hero. Compare them here: Norse Mythology vs Greek Mythology: Whats the Difference? As an Amazon affiliate, we earn from qualifying purchases. View Mobile Site. [6], In addition to his role as a model warrior and defender of the order of society and its ambitions, Thor also played a large role in the promotion of agriculture and fertility (something which has already been suggested by his blessing of the lands in which the first Icelanders settled). According to the predictions offered by thevlvanarrator of theVlusp(also in thePoetic Edda), the events of Ragnark would begin when the serpent of Midgard released its tail from its mouth and wriggled onto dry land. Thor, for example, was always noted to have red hair and a red beard in Norse mythology. Odins most famous son is, of course, Thor. The disguise seemed to work as Thrym welcomed the two into his Hall and led them to the feasting table. Even though my knowledge on this is limited, I know the answer, and its not Thor. Odins chosen heir out of all his sons was Baldur, the son he ha God of thunder and lightning, Thor is perhaps the most well-known Norse god and is seen as the second most powerful god following Odin. Above all things, Thor was brave, strong, and fierce. Tr is the Norse God of War, Law, and Honor. History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. During the nineteenth century, when Germanic and Scandinavian myth resurfaced to reinforce nationalist agendas, Thor was brought to the forefront of emerging national cultures in Western and Northern European countries. See Is Valhalla Heaven or Hell? Son of Borr and the giantess Bestla, Odin is the chief of the sir (all the That perception is partly true because the belief systems do have stark differences. Christian started Scandinavia Facts to explore his family heritage, raise awareness of one of his academic interests as a professor, and civilly promote the region. Loki is a god known for causing chaos through mischievous behavior and outright tricks of other deities. Interested in Thor? Depending on which legends are referenced, Hel has been described as having ahalf-decomposed face, the torso of a human woman, and the legs of a corpse. Although Thor would slay the serpent, hes poisoned by its venom. Found in Sdermanland, Sweden, this runestone shows Thors hammer, a common theme in Norse inscription, thought to ward off evil and hallow sacral objects. Free shipping for many products! He also had many casual lovers and one-night stands. Never one to pass up an opportunity to kill giants, Thor rushed to their aid and smote the builder: And straightway the hammer Mjllnir was raised aloft; he paid the wrights wage, and not with the sun and the moon.[9]. Whenever a fearsome beast or wily jtunn threatened their peace, the gods generally turned to Thor for intervention. However, in many stories, you can find Loki teaming up with Aesir gods he formerly quarreled with. He isnormally depictedas a strongly built man with long hair. p. 322. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. The two rode out into the sea, and Hymir caught two whales, much to his delight. Web: 000-753 _____ Thor is one of the most famous gods in Norse mythology, known for his sense of justice, wisdom, and wit. The primary gods in Norse mythology were Odin, Thor, Freyr, and Loki. This is, of course, only one of many tales revolving around Thors battles with the Jotnar. After Odin, Hoenir, alternatively known as Vili in some texts, was the second most well-known of the trio of brothers that became the first Norse gods. Norse mythology, the source of most surviving information about him, associates him with wisdom, healing, death, royalty, the gallows, knowledge, war, battle, victory, sorcery, poetry, frenzy, and the runic alphabet, Loki did not return to the gods just yet, however, for he saw an opportunity and concocted a clever plan. And his mother is a female Jtunn who is generally believed to be a personification of the Either way, the serpent lived to fight another day. Another jotunn, Gridr, had a son, Vidarr, with Odin. Odin gave them breath and life, Hoenir gave the two understanding and intelligence, and Lodurr gave them their physical senses and appearance. [24]. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. Today, whether or not Frigga and Freyja should be regarded as distinct goddesses is still up for interpretation. WebThe most popular theory suggests that Thor, Odins son, can defeat Odin in a duel. He was the son of Bor and Bestla and rose in fame mostly because of the Vikings admiration. 1993. As a giantess, she is heavily associated with winter and darkness, however, likely because she became a goddess through marriage, Skadi has historically beenhighly veneratedby Norse populace, who potentially saw her as more accessible or merciful than other deities. Though Thor smote his opponent, he did not escape the encounter without injury: part of the whetstone lodged itself in his skull. As many gods in Norse mythology have been known to do, Odin has frequently hidden and disguised himself under a multitude of aliases, including Boverk, Gangnrad, Grimnir, and Harbard, among others. At one point, Odin taunts Thor: Odins are the nobles who fall in battle, but Thors are the thralls.[12] In another episode, Odin is conferring blessings upon a favored hero of his, Starkar, and each blessing is matched by a curse from Thor. Looking for more great information on Norse mythology and religion? Hrungnir fell to the ground with one of his massive legs pinning Thors neck. Besides spitting thunderbolts and laying waste to obstacles and enemies, Mjlnir could also resurrect the deadthough apparently only in certain cases. Privacy Policy, https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/pre/pre04.htm, https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/pre/pre05.htm, https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe11.htm, https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe03.htm. (or whatever you might call mythic distinction between different kinds of gods.) What happens next depends on the account, but either Thor smashes Mjlnir into the Serpents head, snapping the line and sending it back into the water. Thor unleashed this hatred again in theSkldskaparmlwhen he tangled with a giant called Hrungnir. Thors realm was the field rvangr in Asgard, where he built his oaken hall, Bilskirnir. Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. Loki was the son of Farbauti, the giant, and Laufey who was also known as Nal. There it would join its brother Fenrir, who would set the world aflame while Jrmungandr filled the air with poison. Loki again explained that she had not slept for eight days, again out of excitement. When Utgard-Loki reveals that the cat was actually the Midgard serpent in disguise, he claims that Thor pulled off quite an impressive feat. Freyr was often honored during Norse marriage ceremonies and harvest celebrations. The exact creator of the Norse god Odin is not known, as the Norse mythology and religion that he is a part of predates written history. Thrym called to bring in Mjlnir so that they could bless the bride. The Midgard serpent took the bait, and Thor began fighting against the serpent. When Thor is asked to perform several deeds by the Jtunn named Utgard-Loki, one of these deeds is to lift a giant cat. Back in Asgard, Heimdall hatched a schemethe gods would dress Thor as Freya and Loki as her servant. Tyr (or Ty) is said to be responsible for choosing who will win or lose during battle. Frigg was also believed to have the ability of foresight. With Mjlnir in hand, Thor lays waste to the giants from his chariot, which is pulled by his goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjstr. However, this is only if Odin allows Thor to strike him with Mjolnir and Gungnir at the same time. Among his responsibilities, Forseti is charged with hearing and judging all legal disputes in Glitnir, his legendary palace made of red gold. The Norse Tree of Life: A Fascinating Viking Symbol, 10 Goddesses in Norse Mythology That You Need to Know, Who Can Lift Thors Hammer? Norse Mythology vs Christianity: Whats the Difference? Daniel McCoy 2012-2019. 1964. We exists to inform people about the people, culture, and history of Northern Europe. Free shipping for many products! Aesir Gods of Origin: Before the Norse gods existence, the deities known today were preceded by Ymir, an ancestral figure who created male and female mythical figures that later gave birth to the first Norse gods. Many of the monstrous creatures responsible for the deaths of Norse gods, such as Fenrir the World and Jormungandr the Serpent, live in the underworld alongside the universes dead. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Norse mythology Viking Thor's hammer Odin totem pendant titanium steel necklacY at the best online prices at Nowhere was this trend more pronounced than in Iceland, which was originally settled in the ninth century by farming colonists fleeing what they found to be the oppressive and arbitrary rule of an Odin-worshiping Norwegian king. However, the other Jtnar were concerned because if Hrungnir was killed in the duel, the remaining Jtnar would have little chance against Thor. The dwarves relented but sewed his mouth shut to teach him a lesson. True to his word, Loki traveled to the home of dwarves and found the sons of Ivaldi, master craftsmen who fashioned new hair for Sif and two other masterworks: the unbreakable ship Skidbladnir, and the deadly spear Gungnir. Then, Loki again went as a fly and bit the dwarf in the neck twice as hard, but he continued working. Ive also written a popular list of The 10 Best Norse Mythology Books, which youll probably find helpful in your pursuit. Besides Frigg, he made love and had a child with earth goddess Jord. 1973. So too, he was filled with fondness for his hammer and enamored with beer. (Also see Norse Mythology vs Christianity: Whats the Difference?). 10 Odin's Appearance Is Misleading. They constructed a massive clay giant over 30 miles tall and placed the heart of a horse to animate it. WebOdin Borson is the King of Asgard, land of the Norse gods of myth. A deeper look at European, Near Eastern, and even South Asian religions has revealed remarkable similarities between Thor and other thunder-hurling deities, such as the Celtic godTaranisand the Vedic deity Indra. 10 Facts That Might Surprise You to learn more. Stumped, Thor went to the other gods and asked for help. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Although in recent years, much of his popularity could be attributed to pop culture, such as the Thor character created by Marvel Comics. Though some are more than a millennium old, they still fascinate people today. [2] Turville-Petre, E.O.G. Mighty, loyal, and always willing to defend his home and his people. One of the many areas of life in which this struggle manifested and one of the easiest to trace by the methods of modern anthropology was modes of dress. Edited by Einar Haugen. A paragon of strength and masculine virility, the storm god Thor was the fiercest ofNorse deities. He was a major god of all branches of the Germanic peoples before their conversion to Christianity, although he reached the height of his popularity among the Scandinavians of the late Viking Age. ), Additionally, Thor is also regarded as thegod of agriculture, fertility, and holiness. [11] Simek, Rudolf. Unfortunately, in the time of Ragnarok, Thor would once again encounter the Midgard serpent. In the most telling example, Odin grants Starkar the favor of the nobility and rulers, while Thor declares that he will always be scorned by the commoners.[13]. The story concluded with Hymir attacking Thor and Thor slaying him in turn. Brave, powerful, and righteous, Thor fully embodied the hero archetype. They produced the legendary hammer Mjlnir, but due to Lokis sabotage, the handle was too short of wielding with two hands.
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Clinica Campesina Pecos, Hearthstone Duels Treasure Tier List, Commercial Tanning Beds, Southwark Council Parking Permit, Articles I